Showing posts with label Asian. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Asian. Show all posts

Saturday, November 3, 2007

Thinking beyond the border

Won't we all feel dumb if humanity is destroyed and lost forever because we didn't learn our lesson from the battle of Singapore and had our guns pointed in the wrong direction?


On June 2, 1987 Ronald Regan made a speech at the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin at at time when the city was divided into East Berlin and West Berlin by the Berlin Wall. Though his intentions were largely political, and based on spreading the philosophical notion of democracy into the communist controlled area, the effect that it had on the denizens of the entire community around Berlin was that they realized that absurdity of the wall itself. Within 3 years the idea spread throughout the area, and people began flooding past the border at it's weakest points, until finally the political powers realized that people no longer wanted the wall to be there. People no longer believed in the wall.

Do you believe in borders between nations as they exist today?

Fundamentally do you believe that there are irreconcilable differences between people around the world that require us to put up walls and barriers to keep us separated?


What we saw later in the breakup of Yugoslavia and now in Civil Wars that rage on in countries like East Timor, Sudan, Congo, Iraq, etc.. that the ultimate consequence of strong nationalistic passion whereby various "nations" compete for global resources is violent confrontation. Europe learned after WWII that intense emotional feelings directed against "foreigners" has devastating consequences. Homes and businesses were destroyed and countless lives were lost, and when it was over and they began picking up the pieces of their broken dreams they realized that the frailty of humanity is shared among us all. Events like WWII and the fall of the Berlin wall led to the unification of Europe that propelled it to become one of the most successful economic stories of the late 20th century. The power that lies in the common European identity and prosperity that it gives to it's members is something we all should look to as an example of how our entire global community should feel.

Do you really believe that you are Japanese, or Chinese, Singaporean or Korean and that as a result of that fact, you are entitled to certain privileges that others cannot have access to?

Poor neighboring countries like Mongolia or Indonesia have individuals that are facing the same human struggle that you face, but because you are born on the correct side of the wall, you suddenly are entitled to more privileged opportunity than them?


Most countries believe that "locals" or "citizens" are entitled to the opportunity to use the resources of that particular country freely as well as reside in the area bound by that country as long as they like. These countries emphasize that "locals" belong inside the borders of their respective country, and "foreigners" 外国人 belong outside. These countries put strict limitations on those that are perceived as "foreigners" and in many cases one may be born inside the borders of that country and still be considered "foreigner" and not have equal rights as a "local".

The truth is that all of these lines that divide nations are completely arbitrary in the modern global community. We all come from a common origin and all subject to the same human experience and all live on planet earth, yet we still insist on using the term "foreign" 外 when we refer to our own brethren?

In a famous court case called "Brown vs Board of Education", the US Supreme court ruled that it is logically impossible to maintain "separate but equal" facilities. This "separate but equal" concept was at the time a very popular excuse that was used to justify segregation of the school system as a way to preserve the elite racial "white" class from being polluted by the less privileged "black" class. As it turned out, the facilities were not equal, and this fundamental court case ruling concluded that in no way is it possible to maintain separate segregated facilities and assume that they will be equal. Segregating our society into it's various "nations" and assuming that everyone will have equal opportunity to global resources is a no less ridiculous assertion.

Why is it that we feel that others within our national group "deserve" our tax money spent on them, and others do not "deserve" the money to be spent on them?

Do children suffering from malnutrition in Africa in some way "deserve" your hard earned money any less than well fed children across the street from you?


Asians, I talk to you because I believe we can make a difference in the world. We are the world! 60% of the world's residents live in the continent of Asia. Not only that, but economically we are expected to become the dominant global force in the next generations.

What will we do with this prosperity?

Will we keep it for ourselves, and our children, and whoever decides to live permanently within our borders . . .

Or will we realize that the world needs our help, and share the prosperity so that everyone of our fellow global citizens can have the same economic opportunity in the future generations?

Why do we put up barriers?

What are we trying to accomplish?

Is it that we fear?


Do we fear that our way of life will in some way be lost if we let others into our corner of our global community?

I encourage you to ask a German, ask a Spaniard, or ask the Irish if they feel that their way of life was in some horrible way lost after they broke down the barriers they had between neighboring countries. If we are so proud of our way of life, then we must share it with the rest of the world, and not horde it to ourselves only for only our benefit. We should invite people to come and learn, and not push them away out of ignorance. Division and isolation are motivated by fear, whereas assimilation and congregation are motivated by love.

Will we be a fearful Asia, or a loving Asia?

A final thought to ponder. . .



In 1990 the spacecraft Voyager I, at a distance of more than 6 billion km, turned around and took a photo of the earth. The late Carl Sagan commented on this photo's deeper meaning in a 1996 commencement address
(full text here --> http://obs.nineplanets.org/psc/pbd.html)

In the address, he reflects on the common human experience we have on this earth, and how precious it is to our common global way of life. "That's here. That's home." With the military technology available to us today, we posses the power to destroy ourselves. Not only do we poses the power to destroy ourselves through nuclear holocaust or human induced global climate change, but our very existence is vulnerable to complete annihilation by outside factors such as non human induced global climate change or asteroid impact. For those that don't know, your risk of dying from a catastrophic asteriod impact is as high as 1 in 20,000. That's about the same odds as dying in a plane crash, and much much higher risk than dying from a shark bite or terrorist attack (less than 1 in 100,000). The scary thing is that as we see from this photograph, and as Carl Sagan notes "there is no hint that help will come from elsewhere to save us from ourselves. It is up to us." This image of the pale blue dot "underscores our responsibility to deal more kindly and compassionately with one another and to preserve and cherish that pale blue dot, the only home we've ever known."

If some billion years from now another civilization in their exploration of the galaxies comes across the ruined remains of our pale blue dot, what will they see?

What story will we leave behind for them?

Will they see a community that bound together under a common identity to fight to preserve their survival, up until the very end . . .

Or will they see a world that failed to respond to the threat to their existence because their guns were pointed in the wrong direction . .

at each other.

You've got funny eyes

So what do Nelson Mandela and Gary Mckinnon have that Jackie Chan lacks?
Single Eyelids, or "asian eyes".







A lot of people talk about "Asians" , "CaucAsians" or other silly stars-upon-thars categories and assume that everyone knows what they are talking about, but what exact are they talking about?

What does it mean to be "Asian" and how is it different from any other word coined to divide people based on some phenotype differences?

It depends who you ask.

In England, some say that "Asian" should mean descendants of the area once ruled as British Raj (Now the sovereign territories of Pakistan, India, Nepal*, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and maybe Burma?) 

*The Kingdom of Nepal was not ever under British sovereignty, although I assume that in England the ethnic term "Asian" would still apply to one who would identify as Nepalese.

Others in Russia, a country that is split in half by the Ural mountains, might refer to Asians as non-European Russians.

While some may assume Asian to include anyone from just the easternmost chunk of this great landmass (China-Taiwan, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam).

Still some may chose to include the Indonesian islands, Indochina, Siam and Malaysia.

Ironically very few will venture to include Iran or Iraq (don't know why??)

Borat might be referring to Kazakhstan and the rest of Central Asia.

Possibly some from the Balkans or Greece might just be referring to Turkey,

and a few brave souls may actually be referring to the whole darn landmass.

For the purpose of this note, East Asia will refer to the modern territories of China-Taiwan (but not Tibet and Xinjiang), Korea (North and South), Japan and Vietnam.

First of all, the concept of "from" also differs from place to place, and where to draw the line historically?

For some, "from" refers only to where one maintains permanent residence (that's me!). For others, "from" must mean where one spent early childhood. Others would like to stick to claims to citizenship and birth. Still others that might feel unsatisfied in immigrant communities may want to hear about birthplaces of parents or grandparents.

Then there's the ones that want to know information about everyone in one's genetic past as far back as one can possibly go, usually along the route of the surname (for most this is the patrilineal line) since the surname is the only thing left as a historical record to follow. These answers are usually based on 90% myth or legend and 10% actual recorded facts. For these, the line may be drawn as far back as one can go, but must not go back as far as the period when humans migrated out of Africa (not sure why this is not an acceptable answer?)

The other complicated concept of "from" is the idea of where to draw the line geographically?

Some may want to know "from" details on a geographic scale the size of Singapore which is not even visible on most world maps, whereas others are content with "from" answers as large as the diverse geographical territory of China.

When you combine those that want "from" answers going back as far as possible with the xenophobes demanding "from" information with geographic terms relating to the current nation-state borders, you will really run into some tricky problems.

The first problem is that the modern political concept of nationalism (and nation-states) has only been around for about 300 years. Anything before that was multi-lingual empires that would shift and change their territories dramatically depending on how well their kings rolled the dice.

The second problem is sex.

These "from" answers would be pretty straightforward if humans reproduced like yeast cells. unfortunately sexual combination means that the number of ones descendants explodes geometrically to the power 2 with ever generation. That means after 1 generation you have 2 parents, 2 generations 4 grand-parents, 3 generations 8 great-grandparents, and so forth and so forth, all with their own unique residential and migratory history. Assuming no inbreeding, by the time you go back 28 generations you find that your descendants at that time are numbered in the 200 million range, which was approximately the world population at that time. Is there anyone out there that has the audacity to claim that all of their 200 million ancestors came from one small geographic chunk of the world? Or would it be more appropriate to admit that he/she is the product of some seriously intense inbreeding?

So now that you are completely confused on this concept of "from", we'll dive even further into genetic phenotypes.

Genetic variation exists in populations around the world, and there's hardly any evidence linking place of birth, and genetic makeup. See my post with Bill Nye and Race to see how he is dumbfounded on his preconceived notions of geographic origin.

You may be wondering . . .  yea but what about dark skinned people in Africa and funny-eyed people in East Asia?

Skin tone is partly inherited, and partly determined by environmental factors throughout an individuals life. In all cases it is a function of how much melanin one has in their skin. The genes that determine what tone human skin will be are the same as those that do the exact same thing for cows and other mammals.

Melanin content in the extremes can have some negative health side effects, for example too much melanin blocks the UV rays necessary for vitamin D synthesis, whereas too little melanin leaves the sensitive dermis exposed to harmful radiation and possibly folate deficiencies.

The complicated part about skin tone as a way to categorize communities of people is that there are a nearly infinitely many ways of dividing color tones ranging from 0 melanin (albino) to the highest content known to exist in humans. In other words, any attempts to categorize leave you with a whole lot of ambiguous browns = (

Browns are found in various locations throughout the world, and it is only in the social constructed perceptions that light-browns may be distinguished from dark-browns. Most likely these socially constructed divisions may have originated from the caste system in India, where lightness of skin was linked to a progression up the caste system to the Brahman elite. These skin-tone ideas may have been picked up by the British and then used as a way to justify land seizure and slavery in Africa.

Eye features is an incredibly complicated process that is a combination of genetic as well as environmental factors. everything from skull shape, diet, exercise, allergies , and particularly emotions may drastically change the shapes and features of one set of human eyes. Not only that, but now plastic surgery may add additionally drastic permanent effects to the outward superficial appearance of eyes.

What is it about the eyes of a lot of people who live in East Asia that makes them appear unique to that part of the world?

The unique look of eyes seen in East Asia is a combination of two different features known as epicanthal folds and single eyelids.

Everyone is apparently born with epicanthal folds, but some later grow out of it as the features of the bridge of the nose start to pull the excess skin away from the eye. Those with less pronounced nose bridges will have a distinct epicanthal fold. Epicanthal folds come in a spectrum of variety, just like skin tones, and are one contributing factor to the outward appearance of eyes.

Single eyelids is an extra layer of fat in the upper eyelid that distinguishes it from the double eyelid appearance in which there is a noticeable eyelid fold between the tip of the eyelid and the eyebrow. Just like the epicanthal folds, the degree of double-eyelidedness is extremely diverse, and many different varieties exist as to where the eyelid crease is, as well as how pronounced the crease is. The appearance of the crease is also dependent upon environmental factors such as emotion, light intensity, or allergies.

Some hypothesize that the correlation between East Asia and the single eyelid is because of early adaptations to harsh winter conditions, and later aesthetic preferences and sexual selection. 

The truth is that even within East Asia, it is difficult to classify a representative trait, since 80% of Korean residents have single eyelids and only 50% of Chinese residents have single eyelids, the trait is far from predictive of East Asian residency. In addition, the same gene that determines whether East Asians will develop single eyelids is also found in Bushmen tribes in Africa, proving that this trait is by no means unique to East Asia, but instead merely highly correlated. Regardless, these single-eyelids and epicanthal folds have so many variations that they hardly make adequate features for racial categories.

Humans have all sorts of variety, not just on skin tones or eye features, but also in this such as attached earlobes or the ability to smell cyanide or color blindness. If we found a population of people in Bhopal that could smell low concentrations of MIC should we make a new race for people who can detect MIC? What is so special about eyes and skin tone?

The answer lies in the fact that humans are visual creatures with an insane amount of brain real estate devoted to facial recognition. Humans feel the urge to categorize people based on outward appearance as a result of this affinity to visual information. 

Can we as civilized humans also resist this urge to categorize people based on outward appearance?

References

Blog description of how humans perceive faces - specifically eyes, and how those perceptions relate to "beauty", and recognition of Asian, or any other ethnic distinction

Study on variations in eye features within and between ethnic groups

Study concluding that eye variations between Asians and Caucasians is the same as that between Native Americans and Caucasians